Résumé : Comparatism in education, based primarily on the educational systems' transformations, often from criticism of the so-called traditional education systems perceived as a standard that would represent the model of a modern educational system, is always thought in a Western-centric evolutionist perspective. Teaching systems, which are part of an assumed democratization process according to the dominant comparatist orientations, are always evaluated by politics and some experts according to their capacities, their efficiency to produce in quantity and quality, and at the least cost for the national labor markets with capitalistic transformation. [premières lignes]